In this study, moderate heat portland cement, in which the fineness is 300 mkg, and granulated blast furnace slag, in which the fineness is 300, 400, 500, and 600 mkg, were made. The heat of hydration is dependent on the portland. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20 and 80 % are commonly used. Granulated blast furnace slag, ggbfs, iron slag cement, granular pig iron slag cement, granular water granulated slag cement, water granulated blast furnace slag cement relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against. Gbfs is said to increase durability of concrete due to an increased setting time, which reduces. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate 95 slags can be increased by optimizing granulation parameters such as water temperature and flow rate to produce slag sand similar to river sand.
The slag balance now starts to shift and the slag becomes more liquid. Pozzolana cement and blast furnace slag cement have many common grounds in performance see table 4. The coke is combusted to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore to a molten iron product. Replacement of fine aggregate by granulated blast furnace. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. Through our extensive distribution system, newcem is available for blending with conventional portland cement at the concrete plant to produce highquality, durable concrete.
The performance of a section of concrete pavement built with 30 percent ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs. Key constituents used to manufacture cement include limestone, shells, and chalk or marl combined with shale, clay, slate, blast furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore. Mixtures having 50 % of ggbs type i with 5 % of lime and. Slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, slag product form. The first recorded production in the us of blended cement containing both slag and portland cement was in 1896. Chemicals present in ggbs cao 3050% sio2 2838% al2o3 824% mgo 118% mno 0. Blast furnace slag bfs is a product of iron production, which has been widely investigated and utilized, particularly as a supplementary cementitious material for cement or alkaliactivated material, owing to its high hydraulic property or alkali activation reactivity. When this slag is actively cooled and ground, gbfs is produced, which can be utilised as a cement or concrete addition. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement.
Results are presented from field studies on concrete in marine environment and laboratory studies involving chloride exposure. Particularly the reuse as coarse aggregate for concrete production has been shown to. Figure 2 shows compressive strengths of mortars cured in a guide to the use of iron blast furnace slag in cement and concrete asa data sheet 3 3 figure 1. Greening effect in slag cement materials request pdf. Effects of blast furnace slag as a partial replacement for. We comply european standard en 19712000 for slag cement. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Blast furnace slag material description origin in the production of iron, iron ore, iron scrap, and fluxes limestone andor dolomite are charged into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. Evaluation of portland cement concrete pavement with high. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar. Slag cement, previously known as groundgranulated blast furnace slag \. Wainwright pj, rey n 2000 the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs additions and time delay on the bleeding of concrete.
Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. Grinding reduces the particle size to cement fineness. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. Chapter 15 cements made from blast furnace slag of the chemistry of cement and concrete, chemical publishing co. Manufactured sand msand, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, stone crusher dust, quarry dust, washed bottom ash, sheet glass powder etc. Supplementary cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag bfs and pulverisedfuel ash have been used as a partial replacement for portland cement pc in uk and international nuclear waste encapsulation for many years angus et al. Astm c989 09 standard specification for slag cement for. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. As strength development of alkaliactivated slag cements containing neutral gbfs and sodium carbonate as. The latent hydraulic property of the blast furnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. This study has examined the effectiveness of characteristically different cement kiln dusts ckds as a partial replacement for the ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs in the development and production of three types of blastfurnace cements cem iiia, b, c according to the standard en 1971. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. The larger flexural strength of blast furnace slag concrete is the result of the stronger bond which is achieved in cement slag aggregate system due to slag particle shape and surface.
Portland blast furnace slag cement tiger cement is the leading exporter and supplier of slag cement from pakistan. The slump flow for the 15% furnace slag sample was within the design value of 550. Cementitious applications of ground granulated blast furnace slag mf 1845 national slag association. Why we are using blast furnace slag cement in concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbs, a byproduct in steel manufacture, has been used to improve concrete strength development during accelerated curing but poses a challenge of increased shrinkage. The slag cement association sca represents companies that produce and ship over 90 percent of the slag cement ground granulated blast furnace slag in the u. I had practically used ppc cement in almost all projects. Blast furnace slag cement manufacture, properties and uses. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is commonly used in combination with portland cement in concrete for many applications10,11 7. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4.
Use of granulated blastfurnace slag in concrete as fine. Minnesota department of transportation certified cement. The sulfate resisting portland cement is obtained from a special portland cement clinker with lowtricalciumaluminate content. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. When this liquid bf slag is cooled fast enough then the solidified slag has a large percentage of glassy phase with high cementations activity and hence it can be used.
Chloride ion penetration after immersion in seawater for 3 years. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in. However the autogenous shrinkage of the portlamd blast furnace slag cement. Properties of granulated blastfurnace slag cement concrete. Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics. This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement.
Hence, it is required either to search any other material or partially alternative of it. Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. Supersulphated phosphogysum slag cement ssc is a newly developed nonburned cementitious material mainly composed of phosphogysum pg and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing gbfs is slag from the iron production in basic oxygen furnaces. Liquid slag produced in a blast furnace bfis at a temperature of around 1500. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive strength. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. The effect of blastfurnace slag particle size on the. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag.
As oxygen is blown into the furnace, the principal flux feo is generated. They include portland cement as covered by aashto m85 2, portland blast furnace slag cement blended cement type is, and slag cement slag cement type s as per aashto m240. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. Slag cement use can be traced to the 1700s when the material was combined with lime to. Difference between ordinary portland cement, portland. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs. Molten slag is tapped from a blast furnace, rapidly quenched with water granulated, dried and ground to a fine powder. This paper presents results of a study on chemical acceleration of a neutral granulated blast furnace slag activated using sodium carbonate. During this process, the slag gets fragmented and transformed into amorphous granules glass, meeting the requirement of is 12089.
Effect of partial replacement of cement by groundgranulated. This involves the activation of the slag with alkalis and sulphates in order to form its hydration product. From the abovementioned test results, autogenous shrinkage of the portland blast furnace slag cement concrete with blast furnace slag of 20% content and so 3 3. Ggbs by partial replacing cement and addition of ggbs without replacing cement. Page 3 specifications although the final blended cement in the concrete is simply an improved portland blast furnace slag cement, it cannot be subjected to the ordinary cement tests. Psc is obtained by mixing portland cement clinker, gypsum and granulated blast furnace slag in suitable proportions and grinding the mixture to get a thorough and intimate mixture between the constituents. Permeability of specimens having fly ash decreases by increasing fly ash content. The ingredients, proportions and physical requirements of type is cement are listed in astm c595, standard specification for blended hydraulic cements. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. Slag formers are either charged with the scrap or blown into the furnace.
Building materials from granulated blast furnace slagsome. Lightweight cement aggregates are just one of the many and varied uses for this byproduct of the iron and steel industry. Slag cement also called ground granulated blast furnace slag is a hydraulic cement produced during the reduction of iron ore to iron in a blast furnace. Use of granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate in cement mortar m c nataraja1, p g dileep kumar2, a s manu1 and m c sanjay1 this paper investigates the possibility of utilizing granulated blast furnace slag gbfs as a sand substitute in cement mortar, in order to reduce environmental problems related to aggregate mining and waste. In this paper, two types of granulated blast furnace slag cements were used to study mechanical and shrinkage properties of water cured. Slag slag concrete r1 aggregate cement r1 gives of lime caoh r2. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement.
The aim of this study is to determine the strength of cement mortar, replacing fine aggregate with granulated blast furnace slag gbfs by various percentages such as. The samples of the cement composites were prepared with the following types of cements. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Slag cement granulated blast furnace slag 11 benefits of the concretes produced with blast furnace slag cement hydration the reaction between blast furnace slag cement and water is a complicated process. As an alternative material for lowheat cement, granulated blast furnace slag can be considered. Is, portland blast furnace slag cement, or it can be added at the concrete plant to make slag concrete. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield.
Granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by rapidly chilling quenching the molten ash from the furnace with the help of water. Chemical admixtures and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Effects of slag and fly ash on reinforcement corrosion in. Blast furnace slag cementsfly ash reference properties. Based on this concept, several trials were conducted at blast furnace slag granulation. Properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete subjected. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea case study 455 superplasticizer. The larger flexural strength of blast furnace slag concrete is the result of the stronger bond which is achieved in cement slag aggregate system due to slag particle shape and surface texture. Pdf chemical acceleration of a neutral granulated blast. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, chapter 3.
Minnesota department of transportation mndot will only accept cementitious materials from the. The results showed that the slump flow varied with the replacement ratio of furnace slag for portland cement. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete. Several studies have tried to demonstrate its suitability in civil engineering application, such as in bituminous mixtures and cement based materials, due to its good physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Certified cement, granulated blast furnace slag, and blended cement program. It is also a kind of cement that helps save resources. Activation of ground granulated blast furnace slag by. Mar 03, 2017 it is fully called as groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs and is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is. Nonportland cement activation of blast furnace slag. Evaluation of portland cement concrete pavement with high slag. C989 09 standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars, blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag, slag activity index, slag cement, cement mortarsspecifications, concrete construction materialsapplicationsspecifications, ground granulated blast furnace slag specifications, mortarspecifications. This study calibrates the performance of concrete mixtures in terms of. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10.
The purpose of this project was to test a hypothesis of greener cement by testing different material mixtures, specifically nonportland slag. Electric arc furnace slag as coarse recycled aggregate for. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. Minnesota department of transportation mndot will only accept cementitious materials from the mndot certified sources list. Performance of blastfurnace slag cement astm international. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate. Evaluation of portland cement concrete pavement with high slag content cement. Bf slag is rich in cao, sio2, al2o3, and mgo which are similar to the components of portland cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs jsw cement.
The aim of this research work is to determine the effects of blast furnace slag as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. The slag content in cement is 50, 60, 70, and 80 percent. In western europe another cement is used more for constructions in sulfate environments than portland lowtricalciumaluminate cement, the blast furnace slag cement with slag content higher than 70%. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag sometimes, also referred to as ggbfs obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, dried and ground into a fine powder 3. In this study partial replacement of cement opc 43grade by groundgranulated blast furnace slag which varies from 5% to 25% at interval of 5% by total weight of opc. Properties of blastfurnace cements cem iiia, b, c based on. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunction with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or.
Encapsulation in a cementitious wasteform is the current preferred method of disposal of intermediate level waste in the uk. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. National slag nsa 18 association durability of slag cement concretes by donald w. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct from the blast furnace of iron and it is very beneficial in the concrete production. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars, astm. On its own, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs hardens very slowly and, for use in concrete, it needs to be activated by combining it with portland cement. Ready mixed concrete behavior of granulated blast furnace. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. This applies to all cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, and blended cement sold to contractors for use. A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20. By reusing industrial byproduct blast furnace slag, alkaliactivated slag aas is one of the most promising precursors in large scale.
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